Penile cancer

Penile cancer is a rare cancer that mostly affects older men. Around half of the cases are caused by HPV.

Prolonged inflammation (e.g., due to constricted foreskin), poor hygiene and HPV infections are the main causes. HPV is transmitted through direct skin contact, especially during sexual intercourse.

Around 700 men in the UK are diagnosed every year. The risk increases with age. Early diagnosis usually enables organ preservation and improves the chances of survival.

Changes to the skin of the penis, especially the glans or foreskin (e.g., swelling, ulcers, bleeding wounds, foul-smelling discharge).

A tissue sample is examined microscopically. Further tests (ultrasound, CT, MRI) clarify whether the cancer has spread to lymph nodes or other organs.

In most cases, the tumour is removed surgically. Radiotherapy or chemotherapy are also used for advanced cancer.

Long-term consequences can include problems urinating or sexual dysfunction. Psycho-oncological support is often necessary.

Good genital hygiene, avoiding risk factors such as HPV and vaccination against HPV can significantly reduce the risk.